2017 Ganzhou Tungsten Industry Technology Innovation Lecture Successfully Closed

At present, welding technology involves almost all industrial fields. Welding is a machining process and connection method that involves heating, applying pressure, or both to create atomic bonding between two workpieces. Welding is widely used, both for metals and non-metals. Due to the widespread use of welding, it has gradually been valued by people. So, what are the historical origins of welding technology?

Welding technology emerged with the application of metals, and ancient welding methods mainly included casting welding, brazing, and forging welding. The iron edged copper axe manufactured by the Shang Dynasty in China is a cast and welded piece of iron and copper, with a smooth and winding fusion line between copper and iron on the surface, and a good connection. In the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, there are many coiled dragons on the bronze base of Jiangu in the Tomb of Marquis Yi of Zeng, which are brazed in sections. After analysis, the composition used is similar to that of modern soft solder.

A sword made during the Warring States period, with a blade made of steel and a back made of wrought iron, usually made by heating, forging, and welding. According to the book "Heavenly Craft Kai Wu" written by Song Yingxing of the Ming Dynasty, in ancient China, copper and iron were heated together in a furnace and forged to make knives and axes; Sprinkle yellow mud or finely sieved Chenjiubi soil on the interface and weld large ship anchors in sections. In the Middle Ages, weapons were also manufactured using forging and welding in Damascus, Syria.

The ancient welding technology remained at the level of casting welding, forging welding, and brazing for a long time. The heat source used was furnace fire, with low temperature and lack of concentration of energy. It could not be used for welding large cross-section and long welded workpieces, and could only be used for making decorations, simple tools, and weapons.

In the early 19th century, Davis of England discovered two high-temperature heat sources, electric arc and oxyacetylene flame, that could partially melt metals; From 1885 to 1887, Russia's Benaldos invented the carbon electrode arc welding clamp; In 1900, thermit welding appeared again.

At the beginning of the 20th century, carbon arc welding and gas welding were applied, and thin coated electrode arc welding also appeared. The arc was relatively stable, the welding pool was protected by slag, and the welding quality was improved, making manual arc welding enter the practical stage. arc welding has become an important welding method since the 1920s.

During this period, Noble in the United States used the arc voltage to control the feeding speed of welding rods and made automatic arc welding machines, which became the beginning of welding mechanization and automation. In 1930, Robinov of the United States invented submerged arc welding using welding wire and flux, further developing welding mechanization. In the 1940s, in order to meet the needs of welding aluminum, magnesium alloys, and alloy steel, tungsten electrode and melt inert gas shielded welding were successively introduced.

In 1951, the Barton Welding Institute in the Soviet Union created electroslag welding, which became an efficient welding method for thick workpieces. In 1953, Ryubavsky and others in the Soviet Union invented carbon dioxide gas shielded welding, which promoted the application and development of gas shielded arc welding, such as mixed gas shielded welding, flux cored wire gas slag joint shielded welding and self shielded arc welding.

In 1957, Gage of the United States invented plasma arc welding; The electron beam welding invented by Germany and France in the 1940s was also practical and further developed in the 1950s; In the 1960s, the emergence of laser welding plasma, electron beam, and laser welding methods marked a new development in high-energy density fusion welding, greatly improving the weldability of materials and enabling the welding of many materials and structures that are difficult to weld using other methods.

Other welding techniques include resistance welding invented by Thompson in 1887 in the United States and used for spot and seam welding of thin plates; Seam welding is an early semi mechanized welding method in pressure welding. As the seam welding process progresses, the workpiece is pushed forward by two rollers; In the 1920s, flash butt welding was used to weld bars and chains. At this point, resistance welding has entered the practical stage. In 1956, Jones of the United States invented ultrasonic welding; The Soviet Union's Chudikov invented friction welding; In 1959, the Stanford Research Institute successfully researched explosion welding; In the late 1950s, the Soviet Union made vacuum Diffusion welding equipment.